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Class in progress Materials were in local Swahili language    Technlogy was used during the training |
Wednesday, June 29, 2011
Internet Training for Regional and Local Based Journalists in Iringa
Friday, May 27, 2011
Constitution Does Not Recognize Media Freedom
The World Press Freedom Day is commemorated each year on May 3, to recognize principles on media freedom and freedom of expression. In Tanzania, the day was organized by Media Institute of Southern Africa, Tanzania Chapter and was inaugurated by the former Chief Justice, Augustino Ramadhani who urged media fraternity to lobby for inclusion of media freedom in the proposed new constitution.
Elaborating on the meaning of Article 18 of Tanzanian Constitution when he was giving a key note address to media fraternity and other invitees, the retired Chief Justice said the Article does not recognize any media freedom, instead is recognizing right to freedom of expression and opinion of individuals and not institutions.
According to Article 18 of the Constitution, “every person has the right to freedom of opinion and expression, and to seek, receive and impart or disseminate information and ideas through any media regardless of national frontiers, and also has the right of freedom from interference with his communications”.
Article 19 goes further to say “Every citizen has the right to be informed at all times of various events in the country and in the world at large which are of importance to the lives and activities of the people and also of issues of importance to society”.
He said media freedom is not enshrined in the National Constitution just like the judiciary freedom which was not constitutionally recognized until ten years ago.
“You are celebrating 20 Years of Windhoek Declaration when the Constitution does not recognize your freedom,” he told more than 200 journalists and other media stakeholders attending the World Press Freedom Day celebrations at Mlimani City Hall , in Dar es Salaam
But he challenged media fraternity when addressing media freedom to look into its broader perspectives. Citing the example of judiciary freedom, he explained the broader perspectives of media freedom as freedom against government, freedom against media owners, freedom against general public, freedom against source/subject and freedom against self conscious.
He said all these aspects need to be taken care off in order to make the media freedom meaningful. He said sometimes media fraternity might think the main enemy of media freedom is government, but in real sense might not be government, instead might be media owners and journalists themselves.
He urged journalists and media fraternity to use the existing Constitutional review opportunity to make sure that media freedom is included in the New Constitution.
During his state address to mark the end of the year 2010 and welcoming 2011, President Jakaya Kikwete expressed his commitment to create a team to work on a new Constitution after growing calls especially by civil society organizations and political parties for the need of the new Constitution.
The government has already come up with a bill to review the Constitution which was rejected by majority during consultations held in Dar es Salaam , Dodoma and Zanzibar
Wednesday, February 16, 2011
Call for repeal of Newspaper Act to expand media freedom
As the review of the Tanzanian constitution draws closer, local civil society representatives and media practitioners call for the government to replace the 1976 Newspaper Act with a progressive media law that conforms to international human rights standards, in order to enhance press freedom and freedom of expression in the country.
“ARTICLE19 joins stakeholders’ calls asking for the Tanzania Government to review laws that impede freedom of expression and access to information,” said Dr. Agnes Callamard, Executive Director of ARTICLE19.
The Newspaper Act has been used to curtail freedom of expression in a number of instances, During the October 2010 election campaign, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Information, Sethi Kamuhanda, visited print media houses to warn them that the government would ban any media that portrayed the government negatively. During the same period, the country’s security forces issued a press statement warning the media against reporting on matters perceived sensitive to national security.
“The government must give priority to reviewing laws that negate freedom of expression and press freedom as the country prepares to embark on the road to constitutional review,” said Rose Haji, the National Director of the Media Institute of Southern Africa,Tanzania Chapter.
Other laws limiting press freedom in the country include the National Security Government Notice No. 133 of 1970, the Public Service Act, the Film and Stage Act No 4 of 1976 and the Records and Archives Management Act.
MISA is supporting a court case to repeal Newspapers Act filed by Hali Halisi Company, the publishers of weekly investigative newspaper, Mwanahalisi. The move by Hali Halisi came after Tanzania Government banned Mwanahalisi for 90 days late 2008. The case is yet to be concluded by the High Court of Tanzania.
End
“ARTICLE19 joins stakeholders’ calls asking for the Tanzania Government to review laws that impede freedom of expression and access to information,” said Dr. Agnes Callamard, Executive Director of ARTICLE19.
The Newspaper Act has been used to curtail freedom of expression in a number of instances, During the October 2010 election campaign, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Information, Sethi Kamuhanda, visited print media houses to warn them that the government would ban any media that portrayed the government negatively. During the same period, the country’s security forces issued a press statement warning the media against reporting on matters perceived sensitive to national security.
“The government must give priority to reviewing laws that negate freedom of expression and press freedom as the country prepares to embark on the road to constitutional review,” said Rose Haji, the National Director of the Media Institute of Southern Africa,Tanzania Chapter.
Other laws limiting press freedom in the country include the National Security Government Notice No. 133 of 1970, the Public Service Act, the Film and Stage Act No 4 of 1976 and the Records and Archives Management Act.
MISA is supporting a court case to repeal Newspapers Act filed by Hali Halisi Company, the publishers of weekly investigative newspaper, Mwanahalisi. The move by Hali Halisi came after Tanzania Government banned Mwanahalisi for 90 days late 2008. The case is yet to be concluded by the High Court of Tanzania.
End
Friday, November 19, 2010
Five Days Infront the Desktop
The comprehensive internet training for Northern Zone journalists is approaching to an end. Five days in front the desktop for journalists was not an easy task. But there is something that has interested me. As we are approaching the close of business today, no journalist has ever gone in and out of the class during the whole five days.
“This is a very interesting training that we have ever had”, they say. Learning by doing has made them stay in the class for five days without even thinking of going out to hunt stories despite the well known tight schedule journalists have all over the world. They also appreciate to have learnt new skills. The skills include how to search information from the internet for fact findings, how to register and create blogs, how to edit text using internet search engines and how to create blogs.
The five days training has impact that is instant and measurable. All participants are bloggers as they have opened their own blogs to join the world of modern professional journalists. This also adds to the growing number of people with blogs in Tanzania
Ghailani is Innocent
On November 17, 2010, the Federal Jury in
Ghailani is one of the most wanted terrorists in the list of the United States of America’s Federation Bureau of Intelligence (FBI) for having being connected with twin US embassy attacks in East Africa, according to Wikipedia. He was captured and detained by Pakistani forces in a joint operation with the United States in 2004.
He was one of the 14 people at secret allocations abroad. Until June 9, 2009, Ghailani had been held in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp.
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| US Embassy Bombing |
Ghailani was acquitted the 284 other charges because last month, according to Salon.Com, the federal judge presiding over the case, Lewis Kaplan, banned the testimony of a key witness because the Government under George Bush and Dick Cheney learned of his identity not through legal means but instead by torturing Ghailani and also possibly coerced the testimony of that witness.
Obtaining witness through torture is among the grand violations of human rights. According to the UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, “no exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war, internal political instability or any other public emergency, may be invoked as a justification of torture.”
The Convention continues that “Each State Party shall ensure that all acts of torture are offences under its criminal law. The same shall apply to an attempt to commit torture and to an act by any person which constitutes complicity or participation in torture.”
In any circumstances, the use of force or torture to obtain witness from Ghailani is against international laws. The decision by the residing jury to acquaint him of all charges except one goes well with international standards to protect human rights and shame those who arbitrarily violate human rights for the interest better known to themselves.
Through judicial evidence that there were some witnesses obtained through torture and coercive actions against Ghailani, I am forced to believe that even the one charge that he was found guilty of conspiracy to blow up a government building should be acquainted off and instead, the federal court should investigate thoroughly on charges of obtaining witnesses through torture and use of force so that justice could take its course against the involved individuals. His guilty or not guilty of even one count should go inline with the arrest of other individuals involved in the torture of Ghailani. Unless this is done, he is supposed to remain innocent until is proved otherwise.
Thursday, November 18, 2010
EPAs: Are they for Economic Development or Degradation?
In recent years there has been a heated debate over Economic Partnership Agreements (often shortened to EPAs). The trade deals being negotiated between the European Union (EU) and 76 poor countries – mostly former colonies in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific (known as the ACP) are orchestrated by EU as “extremely important” as they will lay the rules of trade between Europe and these countries for decades to come and have positive impacts to the lives of millions of people.
These trade deals, however, have remained highly controversial since their inception in 2002. They were meant to be concluded on December 31, 2007. But until today they are yet to be concluded.
While the EU have dabbled the deals “the most developmental” and therefore necessary for ACP countries, some development analysts and economic justice groups have criticized the agreements as a new scrambling and partition of Africa.
One of the main critics of EPAs is the former President of Tanzania Benjamin Mkapa. Quoted by the AFRONLINE website, Mkapa once said EPAs deals are ‘another Berlin Conference for the scramble of Africa’. He remarked “If you fool me once, shame is on you, fool me twice shame is on me.”
He said Africans were taken for a ride during the Berlin Conference and that should serve as an important lesson to them when they negotiate trading partnerships with Europe.
South Centre, the Geneva based organization that analyses development problems and experience, as well as to provide intellectual and policy support required by developing countries for collective and individual action, particularly in the international arena, says that EPAs discourage African countries from having appropriate trade policies to support increasing production capacities in agriculture and industries.
It estimates that Africa will lose nearly US$2 billion (Sh2.6 trillion) under the EPA arrangement through a decline in exports, export tariff cuts, undermining of agriculture and deindustrialization, among other factors.
“Relinquishing the ability to craft appropriate trade policies will lock African countries into their current patterns of production such as low levels of manufacturing capacity and ‘mono-exportation’,” says South Centre report.
In its report entitled “EPA Contentious Issues Matrix: State Of Play, Key Problems And Recommendations” South Centre has a long list of 21 contentious issues that need to be taken care for EPAs to materialize. The issues include prohibition of any increase in applied tariffs for products subject to liberalization, lack of review clause of EPAs in Africa, clause that require countries to liberalise 80% of their tariff lines (or imports from EU), impact that the deals have on the existing regional integration and they lack agreement on the rules of origin.
Another EPAs critic organization is the Oxfam. The organization says in its website that “if the new trade agreements are skewed in favor of Europe’s rich countries, then they are more likely to increase rather than reduce poverty.” It says this will even be more pronounced because “Europe is pushing for new trade rules which would open up African, Caribbean and Pacific countries to competition from technologically advanced European industries and heavily subsidized European farmers.”
Another poverty lobby group, ActionAid “believes that poor people are threatened by proposed new trade deals called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)”.
According to ActionAid, EPAs are skewed in favour of rich countries and threaten to leave 750 million poor people worse off than ever. The organization is concerned that unless EPAs are radically reformed, African, Caribbean and Pacific countries will face job losses, government revenue losses and cuts in public services as developing countries are forced to open up their markets to the EU before they are ready.
These trade deals, however, have remained highly controversial since their inception in 2002. They were meant to be concluded on December 31, 2007. But until today they are yet to be concluded.
While the EU have dabbled the deals “the most developmental” and therefore necessary for ACP countries, some development analysts and economic justice groups have criticized the agreements as a new scrambling and partition of Africa.
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| Former TZ Pres |
He said Africans were taken for a ride during the Berlin Conference and that should serve as an important lesson to them when they negotiate trading partnerships with Europe.
South Centre, the Geneva based organization that analyses development problems and experience, as well as to provide intellectual and policy support required by developing countries for collective and individual action, particularly in the international arena, says that EPAs discourage African countries from having appropriate trade policies to support increasing production capacities in agriculture and industries.
It estimates that Africa will lose nearly US$2 billion (Sh2.6 trillion) under the EPA arrangement through a decline in exports, export tariff cuts, undermining of agriculture and deindustrialization, among other factors.
“Relinquishing the ability to craft appropriate trade policies will lock African countries into their current patterns of production such as low levels of manufacturing capacity and ‘mono-exportation’,” says South Centre report.
In its report entitled “EPA Contentious Issues Matrix: State Of Play, Key Problems And Recommendations” South Centre has a long list of 21 contentious issues that need to be taken care for EPAs to materialize. The issues include prohibition of any increase in applied tariffs for products subject to liberalization, lack of review clause of EPAs in Africa, clause that require countries to liberalise 80% of their tariff lines (or imports from EU), impact that the deals have on the existing regional integration and they lack agreement on the rules of origin.
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| Oxfam Office |
Another poverty lobby group, ActionAid “believes that poor people are threatened by proposed new trade deals called Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)”.
According to ActionAid, EPAs are skewed in favour of rich countries and threaten to leave 750 million poor people worse off than ever. The organization is concerned that unless EPAs are radically reformed, African, Caribbean and Pacific countries will face job losses, government revenue losses and cuts in public services as developing countries are forced to open up their markets to the EU before they are ready.
Green Belt Movement, Champion of Sustainable Development in Africa
What started as Civil Society Organization to influence women at grass roots level to plant trees has turned into African success story.
Based in Nairobi Kenya, the Green Belt Movement was started in 1977 as a Women Civil Society Organization to champion tree planting among women in Kenya. Later on it expanded its mandate to addressing other issues about nature such as deforestation, lack of water and soil erosion which had vivid impact on the poor women.
Until recently more than 40 million trees have been planted in Africa and 30,000 women trained on forestry, food processing and bee-keeping and other income generation activities such as trades which are environmentally sustainable.
Its founder member, Prof. Wangari Maathai received Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 to recognize her contribution to protecting environment which is prerequisite to the peace building in Africa.
Until recently more than 40 million trees have been planted in Africa and 30,000 women trained on forestry, food processing and bee-keeping and other income generation activities such as trades which are environmentally sustainable.
Its founder member, Prof. Wangari Maathai received Nobel Peace Prize in 2004 to recognize her contribution to protecting environment which is prerequisite to the peace building in Africa.
Wednesday, November 17, 2010
The Magic of Making Links
The day started a little bit late because it is a Public Holiday. Tanzanian Muslims are joining the Muslim World to celebrate Eid Al Hajj. Participants also joined the rest of the world to observe the day.
The consensus reached during the first day was to start the training a little bit late in order to allow Muslim participants to go for prayers in the morning and resume training around 10:00. Remember the normal time of starting training is 9:00.
The day resumed with creating links-the subject that seemed to win attention from most participants who were eager to understand the magic behind this online skill. They were told to select three blogs from their fellow participants and then create links to their blogs. The subject was understood by most of them. Others created more than three links, while others ended up with instructor’s instruction of only three links.After creating the links and view their blogs, they could browse direct their fellow participants' blogs from their blogs.
Then we visited African websites necessary for journalistic work. We visited The Nation Newspaper in Kenya, Daily Monitor in Uganda, Mail & The Guardian in South Africa and many more sites. The training was gaining the momentum – but we have only two days to go.
The consensus reached during the first day was to start the training a little bit late in order to allow Muslim participants to go for prayers in the morning and resume training around 10:00. Remember the normal time of starting training is 9:00.
The day resumed with creating links-the subject that seemed to win attention from most participants who were eager to understand the magic behind this online skill. They were told to select three blogs from their fellow participants and then create links to their blogs. The subject was understood by most of them. Others created more than three links, while others ended up with instructor’s instruction of only three links.After creating the links and view their blogs, they could browse direct their fellow participants' blogs from their blogs.
Then we visited African websites necessary for journalistic work. We visited The Nation Newspaper in Kenya, Daily Monitor in Uganda, Mail & The Guardian in South Africa and many more sites. The training was gaining the momentum – but we have only two days to go.
Tuesday, November 16, 2010
Majority of Tanzanian Newspapers Go Online
The Internet technology seems to pick up in Tanzania. Not long ago only few Tanzanian newspapers could be accessed online. But today, most of them have their own websites and others have utilized blog platform to publish online.
Today’s training session took us to various famous websites that “have changed the world”. These websites include Google, Wikipedia, Yahoo, Facebook, etc. Then we explored Tanzanian media that are online.
Almost all mainstream newspapers in Tanzania are online today. These include Mwananchi, The Citizen, The Guardian, Nipashe, This Day and others, Raia Mwema, Majira, Business Times, The Express, Rai, Mtanzania and Tanzania Daima. This is a real revolution.
There were only three newspapers published online about four years ago – Arusha Times, IPP Media and The Express. But today you find even non-mainstream ones are online.
The increased number of online newspapers is commendable. This trend, however, does not correspond to the number of internet users in the country. According to the Internet World Stats website that we also visited today, until June 2010 Tanzania had 1.6% of internet penetration rate in Africa. The International Telecommunication Union data shows that in 2009 Tanzania had internet penetration rate of 1.3%.
Despite the Internet World Stats’ growth rate of 487.8% from 2000, the low internet penetration rate per population can suggest that the increased number of online newspapers might not get the expected maximum readership in Tanzania.
Today’s training session took us to various famous websites that “have changed the world”. These websites include Google, Wikipedia, Yahoo, Facebook, etc. Then we explored Tanzanian media that are online.
Almost all mainstream newspapers in Tanzania are online today. These include Mwananchi, The Citizen, The Guardian, Nipashe, This Day and others, Raia Mwema, Majira, Business Times, The Express, Rai, Mtanzania and Tanzania Daima. This is a real revolution.
There were only three newspapers published online about four years ago – Arusha Times, IPP Media and The Express. But today you find even non-mainstream ones are online.
The increased number of online newspapers is commendable. This trend, however, does not correspond to the number of internet users in the country. According to the Internet World Stats website that we also visited today, until June 2010 Tanzania had 1.6% of internet penetration rate in Africa. The International Telecommunication Union data shows that in 2009 Tanzania had internet penetration rate of 1.3%.
Despite the Internet World Stats’ growth rate of 487.8% from 2000, the low internet penetration rate per population can suggest that the increased number of online newspapers might not get the expected maximum readership in Tanzania.
My Favorite Websites
Inter Press Service (IPS) is the first priority website that I read every morning and evening. I don’t only prefer this website because I work with the organization as Trans-Editor, but because it contains analytical information about Africa and the rest of developing world. IPS has a unique website that reading the articles makes me to learn the meaning of being professional journalist. You will find articles with multiple sources, with unique angles that one cannot easily find in the local mainstream and the language is simple, precise and clear.
My next website is MISA website. I visit this quite often because I work with the organization hence the need to know what is going on in the area of media freedom and freedom of expression in the SADC region.
Other website I prefer is allAfrica.com. This website contains information from various African countries. Most of the information is from African newspapers. This keeps me updated about African countries at least twice a week.
I normally read IPP Media and Mwananchi websites if I fail to buy the newspapers. But in most cases our office buys almost all mainstream newspapers and therefore there is no need to go for the online edition. I normally prefer Mwananchi to IPP Media because it contains much information on media freedom, in case of any violations of such right.
I visit UNDP, Human Right Watch and Amnesty International websites in order to get human right issues. This is because MISA is one of organizations dealing with issues of human right hence the need to access human right reports from other organizations.
Generally, I visit Yahoo and Google websites quite often because of accessing email and also searching information from various sources.
I rely on popular Issa Michuzi and Maggid Mjengwa blogs just for funny and also for accessing breaking news. These blogs contain the first hand information that have never been aired or published by any traditional media.
Bunge website is another site that I visit regularly. Apart from getting updates on Bunge sessions, I also get update information on bills and regulations that are being passed by parliament and assess their impact on media freedom.
My next website is MISA website. I visit this quite often because I work with the organization hence the need to know what is going on in the area of media freedom and freedom of expression in the SADC region.
Other website I prefer is allAfrica.com. This website contains information from various African countries. Most of the information is from African newspapers. This keeps me updated about African countries at least twice a week.
I normally read IPP Media and Mwananchi websites if I fail to buy the newspapers. But in most cases our office buys almost all mainstream newspapers and therefore there is no need to go for the online edition. I normally prefer Mwananchi to IPP Media because it contains much information on media freedom, in case of any violations of such right.
I visit UNDP, Human Right Watch and Amnesty International websites in order to get human right issues. This is because MISA is one of organizations dealing with issues of human right hence the need to access human right reports from other organizations.
Generally, I visit Yahoo and Google websites quite often because of accessing email and also searching information from various sources.
I rely on popular Issa Michuzi and Maggid Mjengwa blogs just for funny and also for accessing breaking news. These blogs contain the first hand information that have never been aired or published by any traditional media.
Bunge website is another site that I visit regularly. Apart from getting updates on Bunge sessions, I also get update information on bills and regulations that are being passed by parliament and assess their impact on media freedom.
The Secret Behind Internet Training for Modern Journalists
In 2006, MISA Tanzania Chapter and representative from VIKES (Finnish Foundation for Communication, Media and Development) Peik Johansson deliberated to establish internet training for Tanzania journalists’ project. The project was designed to impart internet skills to Tanzania journalists to use internet effectively to accomplish the most important four key areas for modern journalism - news monitoring, communication, research and publication.
The project funded by Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs has already supported a series of training workshops in Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar and Mwanza regions. More than 100 journalists have already benefited from the series of such trainings since the inception of the project in 2008. Some of the trained journalists have imparted the skills to other staff in there respective media houses and students from various journalism training institutions. So the trainings have multiplier effect for the journalism profession in Tanzania.
The ongoing internet training workshop for northern zone journalists that I am currently participating is one of the series of trainings under MISA and VIKES project.
The training that started on Monday, November 15, 2010 at the University of Dar es Salaam Computing Centre, Summit Complex in Arusha brings together 20 journalists from Tanga, Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Manyara for five days.
This is a very interesting training especially for me. I have been using internet for more than 10 years to search information, communicate with others, to read news from various local, regional and international websites and even for publication, but frankly speaking, I have not yet utilized this modern tool efficiently as a communicator and journalist.
I don’t have my own blog, for instance, and I have never used the internet to do such important activities for journalists such as using map to find direction, internet banking and online booking for train, bus and even airlines. But this training has started to offer all for me. Thank you MISA and VIKES for coming up with an idea, design and execution of this important project.
The project funded by Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs has already supported a series of training workshops in Dar es Salaam, Zanzibar and Mwanza regions. More than 100 journalists have already benefited from the series of such trainings since the inception of the project in 2008. Some of the trained journalists have imparted the skills to other staff in there respective media houses and students from various journalism training institutions. So the trainings have multiplier effect for the journalism profession in Tanzania.
The ongoing internet training workshop for northern zone journalists that I am currently participating is one of the series of trainings under MISA and VIKES project.
The training that started on Monday, November 15, 2010 at the University of Dar es Salaam Computing Centre, Summit Complex in Arusha brings together 20 journalists from Tanga, Kilimanjaro, Arusha and Manyara for five days.
This is a very interesting training especially for me. I have been using internet for more than 10 years to search information, communicate with others, to read news from various local, regional and international websites and even for publication, but frankly speaking, I have not yet utilized this modern tool efficiently as a communicator and journalist.
I don’t have my own blog, for instance, and I have never used the internet to do such important activities for journalists such as using map to find direction, internet banking and online booking for train, bus and even airlines. But this training has started to offer all for me. Thank you MISA and VIKES for coming up with an idea, design and execution of this important project.
Monday, November 15, 2010
About Marko Gideon
Marko Gideon received his Bachelor degree in Mass Communication from Makerere University in Kampala, Uganda in 1999. He was a mentee at the UNDP funded Sustainable Cities Programme from 1998 to 2001 where he was in charge of report writing and translation from English to Swahili and contributing articles in the Programme’s quarterly newsletter. He was at the University of Dar es Salaam from 2001 to 2002 pursuing Postgraduate Diploma in Scientific Computing.
He joined the Media Institute of Southern Africa-Tanzania Chapter as Information/Research Officer in June 2002, largely responsible for media monitoring programme, coordinator of media support programme – enhancing media professionalism and accountability and also coordinator of communication and publication strategy of the chapter. He received Certificate on Online Publishing from the Radio Nederland Training Centre, Hilversum, The Netherlands in 2005.
In October 2002 he became a trans-editor and local correspondent for the Inter Press Services (IPS) Africa Service, trans-editing at least 30 English stories into Swahili per month and writing at least one local story per week. In April 2006, his duty was expanded to include trans-editing at least one story per week from the Emirates News Agency (WAM) - the duty that he undertakes until to-date.
He joined the Media Institute of Southern Africa-Tanzania Chapter as Information/Research Officer in June 2002, largely responsible for media monitoring programme, coordinator of media support programme – enhancing media professionalism and accountability and also coordinator of communication and publication strategy of the chapter. He received Certificate on Online Publishing from the Radio Nederland Training Centre, Hilversum, The Netherlands in 2005.
In October 2002 he became a trans-editor and local correspondent for the Inter Press Services (IPS) Africa Service, trans-editing at least 30 English stories into Swahili per month and writing at least one local story per week. In April 2006, his duty was expanded to include trans-editing at least one story per week from the Emirates News Agency (WAM) - the duty that he undertakes until to-date.
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